diff --git a/scripts/99_deploy.sh b/scripts/99_deploy.sh
index df8491b..d6385fd 100644
--- a/scripts/99_deploy.sh
+++ b/scripts/99_deploy.sh
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ download_repo() {
 create_dir() {
     _directory=$1
 
+    # runuser -l ${system_user} -c 'mkdir -p ${_directory}'
+
     mkdir -p ${_directory}
     chown ${system_user}:${system_user} ${_directory}
 }
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ deploy_file() {
         cp --force --recursive ${_src_path} ${_trg_path}
     fi
 
-    # only chown if _no_chown variable is empty
+    # chown by default
     if [[ ${_no_chown} != "no_chown" ]] ; then
         # if the target path ends with a slash, we have a directory
         if [[ "$_trg_path" == */ ]]
@@ -262,13 +264,13 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots" ] ; then
     # dunst
     file_name=dunstrc
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/dunst
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/dunst/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
 
     # lf
     file_name=lfrc
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/lf
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/lf/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
 
     # firefox
@@ -286,7 +288,7 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots" ] ; then
 
         file_name=userChrome.css
         file_path=${ffpd}/chrome
-        mkdir -p ${file_path}
+        create_dir(${file_path})
         deploy_file "${dots_trg}/firefox/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
     fi
 
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots" ] ; then
     # ".gtkrc-2.0" is overwritten
     file_name=settings.ini
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/gtk-3.0
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/gtk/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
 
     file_name=.gtk-bookmarks
@@ -312,7 +314,7 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots" ] ; then
 
     file_name=index.theme
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.icons/default
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/gtk/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
 
     # helix
@@ -322,20 +324,20 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots" ] ; then
 
     # nitrogen
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/nitrogen
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/nitrogen/*" "${file_path}/"
 
     # pcmanfm
     # bookmarks found in "dots/gtk/.gtk-bookmarks"
     file_name=pcmanfm.conf
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/pcmanfm/default
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/pcmanfm/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
 
     # vscodium
     file_name=settings.json
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/VSCodium/User
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dots_trg}/vscodium/${file_name}" "${file_path}/${file_name}"
 
     # i3wm
@@ -344,13 +346,13 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots" ] ; then
         # i3
         file_name=config
         file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/i3
-        mkdir -p ${file_path}
+        create_dir(${file_path})
         deploy_file "${dots_trg}/i3wm/${file_name}" "${file_path}/"
 
         # i3status
         file_name=config
         file_path=/home/${system_user}/.config/i3status
-        mkdir -p ${file_path}
+        create_dir(${file_path})
         deploy_file "${dots_trg}/i3status/${file_name}" "${file_path}/"
 
     fi
@@ -398,21 +400,21 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots+" ] ; then
     # fonts
     # ----------
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.local/share/fonts
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dotsplus_trg}/fonts/install/*" "${file_path}/"
 
     # ----------
     # images
     # ----------
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.local/share/img
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dotsplus_trg}/images/*" "${file_path}/"
 
     # ----------
     # wallpapers
     # ----------
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.local/share/wp
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dotsplus_trg}/wallpapers/install/*" "${file_path}/"
 
     # ----------
@@ -424,7 +426,7 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots+" ] ; then
     # https://github.com/sdras/night-owl-vscode-theme/tree/main/themes
     file_name=night-owl-vscode-theme-main.zip
     file_path=/home/${system_user}/.vscode-oss/extensions
-    mkdir -p ${file_path}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     deploy_file "${dotsplus_trg}/miscellaneous/${file_name}" "${file_path}/" chown recursive
 
     # sweet dark gtk theme
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ if [ ${operation} == "dots+" ] ; then
     # chowning
     # ----------
     share_dir=/home/${system_user}/.local/share
-    mkdir -p ${share_dir}
+    create_dir(${file_path})
     chown ${system_user}:${system_user} ${share_dir}
     chown ${system_user}:${system_user} ${share_dir}/*