# nifty
## ant (garmin)

*   `antfs-cli --pair` - pair watch to pc
*   `antfs-cli --upload` - upload data to pc
    *   files are transferred to `~/.config/antfs-cli/[device_id]/activities`

**src:**

*   [https://gitlab.com/klevstul/privateIssues/issues/400#note\_255420822](https://gitlab.com/klevstul/privateIssues/issues/400#note_255420822)

---

## batch resize and compress images

`mkdir converted;for photos in *.jpg;do convert -verbose "$photos" -quality 90% -resize 1920x1080 ./converted/"reduced_$photos"; done`

**src:**

*   [https://linuxsuperuser.com/batch-resize-compress-photos-linux/](https://linuxsuperuser.com/batch-resize-compress-photos-linux/)

---

## bluetooth

```
$ sudo systemctl start bluetooth
$ bluetoothctl
[bluetooth]# power on
[bluetooth]# scan on
[bluetooth]# pair 40:C1:F6:7A:37:E6
[bluetooth]# connect 40:C1:F6:7A:37:E6
[JBL Go 3]#
...
[bluetooth]# devices
Device B8:D5:0B:D0:06:B0 HK Onyx Studio 3
[bluetooth]# connect B8:D5:0B:D0:06:B0
```

---

## change cursor pointer theme

`$ appearance-menu`

---

## chmod

The Octal digits used for assigning permissions are as follows:

| Octal Digit | Permissions |
| --- | --- |
| 7 | rwx |
| 6 | rw- |
| 5 | r-x |
| 4 | r-- |
| 3 | \-wx |
| 2 | \-w- |
| 1 | \--x |
| 0 | (none) |

---

## dmenu - run mode & cache

update if app runs in background or using terminal

`ls ~/.config/dmenu-recent/ [background* | terminal*]` in these files the commands are defined or stored, and you can edit them.

edit / delete cahced entries, located in: `~/.cache/dmenu-recent/`

---

## drive and file management

*   **automount:**
    *   [automount harddrive on startup](docs/automount.md)
*   **partitioning:**
    *   using gparted, create new partition table of type `gpt`, then create a new `ext4` partition.
*   **access rights**
    *   `$ sudo chown 1000:100 /run/media/klevstul/cacheDrive/`
    *   `$ sudo chmod 755 /run/media/klevstul/cacheDrive/`
*   **iso checking**
    *   download both the `.iso` and the related `.md5` file
    *   `md5sum -c filename.iso.md5`
*   **iso burning:** (to usb thumb drives)
    *   `lsblk` (locate drive letter)
    *   `sudo dd bs=4M if=/path/to/manjaro.iso of=/dev/sd[driveLetter] status=progress oflag=sync`
*   **secure delete:**
    *   `srm -i -v file.txt`
*   **size of directories:**
    *   `du -sh /home/klevstul/* | sort -hr`
    *   `du -sh .[!.]* * | sort -hr` (calculating current dir, standing in ~/home dir - includes hidden system folders)
    *   `du -h --max-depth=1`
    *   `du -h --max-depth=1 /media/drive2/cloud-drive/Dropbox/`
    *   ref: [https://linuxconfig.org/list-all-directories-and-sort-by-size](https://linuxconfig.org/list-all-directories-and-sort-by-size)

---

## debugging

run `sudo dmesg -w` - then, plug in the usb and check the output messages

run `lsusb` to see if the usb is listed

run `lsblk` to see if the usb is listed

---

## diff

`diff --brief --recursive /media/nas/cb/cbdb /media/drive2/nass/cb/cbdb`

src: [https://www.baeldung.com/linux/compare-two-directories](https://www.baeldung.com/linux/compare-two-directories)

---

## encryption/decryption

## symmetric

```
# zip and encrypt
$ 7za a archive.7z directory/
$ gpg -c archive.7z # `-c` is the same as `--symmetric`

# decrypt and unzip
$ gpg -d archive.7z.pgp > archive.7z
$ 7za x archive.7z
```

## key

### first time setup

```
gpg --gen-key
  Real name: Frode Klevstul`
  Email address: frode@klevstul.com`

  gpg: revocation certificate stored as '/home/poq/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/2C6781ED21DF77ADA325BB8F7B048108A509A75D.rev'
  public and secret key created and signed.

  pub   ed25519 2025-11-10 [SC] [expires: 2028-11-09]
        2C6781ED21DF77ADA325BB8F7B048108A509A75D
  uid                      Frode Klevstul <frode@klevstul.com>
  sub   cv25519 2025-11-10 [E] [expires: 2028-11-09]
```

### use existing key

#### encrypt/decrypt

*   encrypt: `$ gpg --encrypt --sign --recipient frode@klevstul.com test.txt`
    *   (pre nov 25: `$ gpg --encrypt --sign --recipient frode@thisworld.is test.txt`)
*   decrypt: `$ gpg --output out.txt --decrypt test.txt.gpg`

### backup

*   simple:
    *   make a backup of the folder `~/.gnupg`

or, alternatively:

having opened the cryptLocal cryptomator vault, do the following to back up the key:

*   `cp -r /home/poq/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/2C6781ED21DF77ADA325BB8F7B048108A509A75D.rev /home/poq/.local/share/Cryptomator/mnt/cryptLocal/content/keys/openPgp/.gnupg`
*   `gpg --armor --export frode@klevstul.com > /home/poq/.local/share/Cryptomator/mnt/cryptLocal/content/keys/openPgp/.gnupg/251110_frodeKlevstul_publicKey.asc`
*   `gpg --armor --export-secret-keys frode@klevstul.com > /home/poq/.local/share/Cryptomator/mnt/cryptLocal/content/keys/openPgp/.gnupg/251110_frodeKlevstul_privateKey.asc`

---

## git

### initialise new repository

```
git init .
git add -A
git commit -am "Initial commit"
git push
```

ref: [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65033357/git-init-new-from-existing-repository](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65033357/git-init-new-from-existing-repository)

---

## hard drive

*   use `gnome-disk-utility`

**src:**

*   [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/solved-how-to-encrypt-an-external-hard-drive-in-manjaro/120058](https://forum.manjaro.org/t/solved-how-to-encrypt-an-external-hard-drive-in-manjaro/120058)

---

## feh (image viewer)

`feh -d --draw-exif --draw-tinted --recursive`

*   [https://feh.finalrewind.org/](https://feh.finalrewind.org/)
*   [man feh](https://man.finalrewind.org/1/feh/)

---

## find/grep/search

### find

example how to search in files, locating files of type `.desktop` containing `gitkraken`:  
`[klevstul@x270mjr ~]$ find / -name '*.desktop' -exec grep -H 'gitkraken' {} \; 2>/dev/null`  
another search, this time for a string in files:  
`root@humhub:~# find /var/www/humhub/ -type f -exec grep -l "initial_password" {} \;`

### grep -rniw

search for file containing `pagan`: `[klevstul@silentGamerMjr ~]$ grep -rniw '/run/media/klevstul/raid/Dropbox/gitlab/myPlaylists/' -e 'pagan'` src: [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/524828/what-does-grep-w-do](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/524828/what-does-grep-w-do)

### grep -rni

`grep -rni "text string" /path/to/directory` src: [https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/how-search-and-find-files-text-strings-linux](https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/how-search-and-find-files-text-strings-linux)

---

## ffmpeg commands

*   [webm to mp4 conversion using ffmpeg](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18123376/webm-to-mp4-conversion-using-ffmpeg)
    *   `ffmpeg -fflags +genpts -i 1.webm -r 24 1.mp4` |
*   [Converting mkv to h264 FFmpeg](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30898671/converting-mkv-to-h264-ffmpeg)
    *   `ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c copy output.mp4` (fast - no conversion)
    *   `ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4` (recompiling)
*   [How can I reduce a video's size with ffmpeg?](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/28803/how-can-i-reduce-a-videos-size-with-ffmpeg)
    *   `ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vcodec libx265 -crf 28 output.mp4`
*   [Scaling](https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Scaling)
    *   `ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=320:240,setsar=1:1 output.mp4`

---

## fonts

*   alt 1: install from aur (often starts with `otf-` (preferred) or `ttf-`)
*   alt 2: add fonts to `~/.local/share/fonts` or `/usr/share/fonts`
    *   maybe: restart application or run `fc-cache`

---

## git

*   `git commit -a -m "upd"`
*   `git push origin master`

```
touch README.md
git init
git checkout -b main
git add README.md
git commit -m "genesis"
git remote add origin ssh://git@gt.op.fo:2002/fro/hyprarco.git
git push -u origin main
```

src: [https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-commit](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/git-commit) [https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/syncing/git-push](https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/syncing/git-push)

---

---

## networking (inc wifi)

*   `ifconfig -a` (alternative to windows' `ipconfig -all`)
*   `route -n` (get info about gateway)
*   `nmtui` - to open an interactive ui for connecting to wifi
*   `nm-connection-editor` - network manager gui applet
*   `nm-applet` - toolbar applet
*   `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager` - restart network

---

## openssh

generate keypair: `$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048`

view the public key: `$ less /home/klevstul/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`

copy this public key to `.ssh/authorized_keys` on the remote server.

## pacman, aur & yay

### misc commands

*   `sudo pacman -Syyu` - sync and upd
*   `sudo pacman -Syuu` - sync, update and allow downgrades
*   `sudo pacman -Rns <name>` - uninstall
*   `sudo pacman -Rs $(pacman -Qqdt)` - remove unused packages (WARNING: can remove too much!)

```
-S: Sync packages
-y: refresh package database
-uu: sys upgrade all packages, repeated 'u' flag enables downgrades
```

### updating mirrors

*   `ct s mirrors`
    *   this command triggers `rate-mirrors` and updating of `mirrorlist`
*   use web
    *   [https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/](https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/)

### cache clearing

*   pacman
    *   `sudo trash-put /var/cache/pacman/pkg/*`
*   yay
    *   `trash-put .cache/yay/*`

avoids errors like:

```
==> Validating source files with sha256sums...
    tuxedo-drivers-dkms-4.13.1.tar.gz ... FAILED
==> ERROR: One or more files did not pass the validity check!
```

### aur: manual installation of packages

*   if `.tar.gz`
    *   `cd /media/cacheDrive/buildDir/`
    *   `wget [link_to_aur_snapshot_tar_gz]`
    *   `tar -xvzf [package.tar.gz]`
    *   `cd [package/]`
    *   `makepkg -si PKGBUILD (-s syncdependencies, -i install)`
*   if `.git`
    *   `cd /tmp`
    *   `git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git`
    *   `cd yay`
    *   `makepkg -si`

Troubleshooting: Error: `FAILED (unknown public key 615D449FE6E6A235)` Fix: `gpg --recv-keys 615D449FE6E6A235`

### yay

Search for packages with:

```
yay search_term
```

Install the packages with:

```
yay -S package_name
```

Remove packages with:

```
yay -R package_name
```

To delete a package with its dependencies:

```
yay -Rns package_name
```

Upgrading (only) the AUR packages:

```
yay -Sua
```

### ERROR: One or more files did not pass the validity check!

```
cd /tmp/
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/microsoft-azure-vpn-client-bin.git
cd microsoft-azure-vpn-client-bin/
updpkgsums
makepkg -si
```

---

## printers (cups)

*   [http://localhost:631/admin](http://localhost:631/admin) (admin) - login: poq/poq.L1
    *   [http://localhost:631/printers/Brother\_HL-L2310D\_series](http://localhost:631/printers/Brother_HL-L2310D_series) (manage brother)

---

## processes

*   `ps aux`
    *   `ps aux | grep 'pulse'`
*   `top`
*   `htop`
*   `pstree`
*   **kill:**
    *   `pstree -p`
    *   `kill [PID]` or `kill -9 [PID]`

---

## qt library

*   error: `Cannot mix incompatible Qt library (5.15.5) with this library (5.15.6)`
*   fix: `pamac build qt5-styleplugins`

---

```
$ rename -help

Usage:
 rename [options] <expression> <replacement> <file>...

Rename files.

Options:
 -v, --verbose       explain what is being done
 -s, --symlink       act on the target of symlinks
 -n, --no-act        do not make any changes
 -a, --all           replace all occurrences
 -l, --last          replace only the last occurrence
 -o, --no-overwrite  don't overwrite existing files
 -i, --interactive   prompt before overwrite

 -h, --help          display this help
 -V, --version       display version
```

example, rename .265 to .265.mp4 for all files in a directory:  
`rename -n -v '.265' '.265.mp4' *`

---

## services

*   list: `systemctl list-units --type service --all`
*   enable: `sudo systemctl enable nohang-desktop`
*   start: `sudo systemctl start nohang-desktop`

---

## shortcuts

*   [atom](https://github.com/nwinkler/atom-keyboard-shortcuts)
*   [shotcut](https://www.shotcut.org/howtos/keyboard-shortcuts/)

---

## verify files using signature

*   `signify -Cqp factory.pub -x crosshatch-factory-2020.05.05.02.zip.sig && echo verified`
*   requires [signify](https://github.com/aperezdc/signify) (comminity tool)
*   ref: [https://grapheneos.org/install](https://grapheneos.org/install)

---

## sound

## list sound cards

*   `cat /proc/asound/cards`
*   `aplay -L` or `arecord -L` (list cards and devices)

## set default sound card

*   `asoundconf set-default-card [card_name]`
    *   example: `asoundconf set-default-card R14PM`
*   `speaker-test -c 2` (test default card)

## speaker test

*   `speaker-test -Dfront:R14PM -c 2` (test two channel front speakers on card R14PM)
    *   example: `front:CARD=R14PM,DEV=0, R-14PM, USB Audio, Front speakers`
*   `pavucontrol` - pulse audio volume control

---

## ssh

*   `$ ssh -l [username] -p [port] [ip]`
*   on host machine: `$ export TERM=xterm`

---

## symbolic links

*   `$ ln -s /path/to/original_source /path/to/link_target`
*   eg: `$ ln -s /home/klevstul/.config/STAMP .` (create a link to `STAMP` in current folder)

---

## swap

*   status: `swapon`
*   disable: `sudo swapoff /dev/dm-1`
*   enable: `sudo swapon /dev/dm-1`
*   turn off: comment out in `sudo nano /etc/fstab`
*   change size: use GParted

src: [archlinux.org](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Swap)

---

## terminal

## issue on remote machine

problem: `Error opening terminal: xterm-kitty.`  
solution: `# export TERM=xterm`

---

## theme change

*   either find a theme in aur/arc, or download a theme, like:
    *   [https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1253385](https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1253385)
*   extract theme to `/home/poq/.themes`
*   same thing for icons:
    *   [https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1305251](https://www.opendesktop.org/p/1305251)
*   extract to `/home/poq/.icons`
*   run `lxappearance` and update widget and icon theme
*   `$ export GTK_THEME=Sweet-Dark-v40:dark`
    *   (or, this might be sufficient: `$ export GTK_THEME=Sweet-Dark-v40`)
*   `$ sudo nano /etc/environment`
    *   set: `GTK_THEME=Sweet-Dark-v40:dark`

src: [https://gitlab.com/pqq/pIssues.2/-/issues/113](https://gitlab.com/pqq/pIssues.2/-/issues/113)

---

## tor with firefox

*   `$ systemctl start tor`
*   foxyproxy: `socks5 w/ dns 127.0.0.1:9050`
*   test: `curl --socks5-hostname localhost:9050 https://check.torproject.org`

src: [devdungeon.com](https://www.devdungeon.com/content/setting-tor-proxy-and-hidden-services-linux)

---

## vpn

## protonvpn

*   download config file from [https://account.protonvpn.com/downloads](https://account.protonvpn.com/downloads) (gnu/linux, udp)
*   locate username and password at [https://account.protonvpn.com/account#passwords](https://account.protonvpn.com/account#passwords)
*   left click connection icon in status bar, choose:
    *   vpn connection > add a vpn connection > import a saved vpn configuration
    *   navigate to the downloaded config > select it > enter your protonvpn username (OpenVPN / IKEv2 username) and password (OpenVPN / IKEv2 password)

**src:**

*   [https://protonvpn.com/support/linux-vpn-setup/](https://protonvpn.com/support/linux-vpn-setup/)

### stuck / blocked connection

*   (uninstall protonvpn client)
*   `nmcli connection show --active`
*   Remove any reference to protonvpn
    *   `nmcli connection delete [name-of-connection]`
        *   example: `nmcli connection delete pvpn-ipv6leak-protection`

```
[poq@t470p ~]$ nmcli con
NAME                   UUID                                  TYPE      DEVICE
.TigoWiFi-370758465/0  aa456038-fcb0-4d1c-ad6d-18d7ad3dbadd  wifi      wlp3s0
lo                     6105f6f5-49b6-4f52-9b9d-cee491d5ccdd  loopback  lo
-_-                    d7e4b5f1-7e74-4299-833c-7b7a37ea2ab2  wifi      --
Proton VPN CO#20       509b5321-be73-4969-afec-e0a7c4de86d9  vpn       --
Wired connection 1     4395f2d8-010b-3809-9a5b-b786b5447faa  ethernet  --

[poq@t470p ~]$ nmcli connection delete 509b5321-be73-4969-afec-e0a7c4de86d9
Connection 'Proton VPN CO#20' (509b5321-be73-4969-afec-e0a7c4de86d9) successfully deleted.
```

---

## wacom configuration

use command `xsetwacom list devices` to find the id for type 'stylus' and map that to main monitor 'HEAD-0'.

example:

```
$ xsetwacom list devices
Wacom Intuos3 6x11 Pen stylus   	id: 9	type: STYLUS
Wacom Intuos3 6x11 Pad pad      	id: 10	type: PAD
Wacom Intuos3 6x11 Pen eraser   	id: 15	type: ERASER
Wacom Intuos3 6x11 Pen cursor   	id: 16	type: CURSOR

$ xsetwacom set "9" MapToOutput HEAD-0
```

requires:

*   `xf86-input-wacom`

src:

*   [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wacom\_tablet](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wacom_tablet)
*   [https://hitsim.com/hub/linux-xfce-configure-wacom-tablet-dual-monitor-setup/](https://hitsim.com/hub/linux-xfce-configure-wacom-tablet-dual-monitor-setup/)

---

## x11 keyboard key names

> `xev` lets you find the keycode / keysym of a key.

src:

*   [http://xahlee.info/linux/linux\_show\_keycode\_keysym.html](http://xahlee.info/linux/linux_show_keycode_keysym.html)

example of mediakeys (when pressing `fn`):

```
XF86AudioRaiseVolume
XF86AudioLowerVolume
XF86AudioPlay
XF86AudioPrev
XF86AudioNext
XF86AudioStop
```